Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. There are two main types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes: This type occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in your pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose (sugar) from food enter your cells to be used for energy. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in your bloodstream, leading to high blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. People with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin injections or use an insulin pump to manage their blood sugar levels.
Type 2 diabetes: This type occurs when your body doesn't use insulin properly, which is called insulin resistance, or when the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 and can develop at any age, though it's most often diagnosed in adults. It's strongly associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and poor diet. Initially, type 2 diabetes may be managed with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, but medications or insulin therapy may be needed over time to control blood sugar levels.
Both types of diabetes can lead to serious complications if not properly managed, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision problems. However, with proper medical care, lifestyle changes, and self-management, many people with diabetes can lead full and healthy lives. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, following a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking medications as prescribed are key components of diabetes management.
